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Ketevan "Kato" Svanidze ((グルジア語:ეკატერინა სვიმონის ასული სვანიძე), '; (ロシア語:Екатери́на Семёновна Свани́дзе), '; 2 April 1880 – 5 December 1907) was the first wife of Joseph Stalin and the mother of his eldest son, Iakob. Svanidze and Stalin were married for just 18 months before she died of an illness in 1907. Her death sent Stalin into a deep grief, and he reportedly said "with her died my last warm feelings for humanity." Years later, several of her family members were executed during Stalin's purges. ==Early life== Kato was born in the small mountain village of Baji, Kutaisi Governorate, Russian Empire (present day Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, Georgia). She was the daughter of Svimon Svanidze and Sipora (''née'' Dvali). The family were ''aznauri'' (minor nobility), but were impoverished. Svimon was a teacher in Kutaisi. Kato had at least two sisters, Alexandra ("Sashiko", born c. 1878–1936) and Maria ("Mariko", 1888–1942), and one brother, Alexander Svanidze ("Alyosha", 1886–1941). Records also indicate two more children born to Svimon and Sipora: a girl, Bashiko, and a boy, Miho, but no further information is available about their lifespans and if they lived past early childhood. Alexander was a member of the Bolshevik Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in Georgia and a friend of Stalin. They attended the Tiflis Spiritual Seminary together until Stalin's expulsion in 1899 for missing his final examinations. As the Svanidze family hailed from Racha, an area known for its "placid and loving beauties," the sisters were thus described using the flattering demonym "Rachelian." Kato in particular was considered "ravishingly pretty." Kato was considered "educated and emancipated" by the standards of her day. She and her sisters worked as seamstresses at their own couture shop in Tiflis, the successful "Madame Hervieu" ''atelier'', making uniforms and dresses for the army and nobility. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kato Svanidze」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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